Oaks of the World

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  Quercus virgiliana
Author (Ten.)Ten. 1835 Fl. Napol. 5: 262
Synonyms robur var. virgiliana Ten. 1831
dalechampii Wenzig not Ten.
robur var. tenorei A.DC 1864
tenorei (A.DC) Borzi 1911
virgiliana var. tenorei (A.DC) O.Schwarz 1937
amplifolia Guss. 1844 Flora siculae synopsis 2
brachyphylloides Vuk. 1880
tommasinii Kotschy 1871
confusa Simonk. in Kerner 1902 not Wooton & Standl. 1913
cupaniana Guss. 1844
lanuginosa (Lam.) Thuill. subsp virgiliana (Ten.) Jav. 1924
lanuginosa var. virgiliana (Ten.) A.Camus
pubescens subsp virgiliana (Ten.) Soo 1964
Local names "chêne de Virgile"
Range SE Europe; E Corsica; Italy; to the Black Sea.
Growth habit to 20 m tall ;
Leaves

5-12 x 3-6 cm (slightly larger than Q.pubescens), broadly oboval to oblong, flat; base rounded or subcordate; 5-7 pairs of lobes often rounded, lobulate, sometimes mucronate; adaxially with solitary and fasciculate stipitate trichomes; woolly beneath at first, with numerous simple uniseriate trichomes, less abundant fasciculate-stipitate trichomes, some, solitary ones along midrib, and stomatas partially covered with wax, glabrescent and totally glabrous when mature; petiole 0.3-2 cm;

Flowers February to April; male catkins 2-3 cm long; pistilate catkins pubescent, 2-6 mm long;
Fruits acorn ovoid to ellipsoid, 2-3.5 cm long, 1.2-2 cm in diameter, 1 to 5 together on a short peduncle (3-6 cm) or sessile; cup halfround with flat, lanceolate, sometimes reflexed scales, fringed at rim; enclosed 1/4 to 1/2 by cup; maturing in October-November; acorn edible;

Bark, twigs and
buds

bark fissured longitudinaly and horizontidunaly, forming rough plates; young twig pubescent;
Hardiness zone, habitat Adaptable species, growing on siliceous or calcareous soils.
Miscellaneous

-- Sub-genus Quercus, Section Quercus, Series Roburoid;
-- For Govaerts & Frodin, it is a synonym of Q.pubescens but they think it is possible to give it a specific rank.
-- For Hedge & Yaltirik (1982), this taxon may be a hybrid between pubescens and petraea...

-- For some Authors, mainly Italian ones, Q. amplifolia (diagnosis HERE) is a true species, described like that :
<< Tree to 20 m, with dark brown, thick, strongly fissured bark; young twigs pubescent; petiole 0.4-1.2 cm long; blade coriaceous, 5-18 cm x 5-16, oboval to suborbicular, base subcordate, adaxially dark green with sparce hairs, abaxially greyish with densely pubescence, margin with 3-5 pairs of rounded, sometimes mucronate lobes, variable depth of sinuses; male catkins 3-5 cm long, flowers with perianth 5-6-lobed ciliate and entire; pistillate catkins 2-4 mm bearing 3-5 flowers; infrutescence short, bearing 1-4 subsessile or shortly pedunculate acorns; cup enclosing 1/4 of acorn, with strongly tuberculate scales, subglabrous to pilose; acorn ovoid to ellipsoid 2-4 cm long, rounded and mucronate at apex; flowers in March-April; fruits maturing in October-November; on drought soils; Center and South Italy; Sicilia; Sardinia; >>

Subspecies and
varieties
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